巴陵石化尿素水解装置的环保改造

分析了尿素水解装置存在的问题及采取的改进措施,提高了水解装置处理能力与处理效果,实现了清洁生产、节能降耗、保护环境的目的。     

基于创新动手能力人才培养模式下的环境工程专业实习教学的改革与探讨

实习环节对环境工程专业学生创新动手能力的培养具有举足轻重的作用。论文分析了新形势下实习所面临的典型问题,提出了调整实习时机、完善实习基地建设、丰富实习方式、改革考核形式等实习改革措施,并指出最重要的和最迫切的是实习时机和实习方式的调整,建议今后应做好实习前准备工作,加强多媒体手段在实习教学中的研究和运用。     

流域水环境优先控制污染物筛选方法研究

本方法借鉴国内外经验,采用美国环保局工业环境实验室提出的化合物的潜在危害指数来指示物质对环境的毒性,结合某流域丰、平、枯三个水期测定出的有机污染物的检出浓度和检出频次以及流域污染源的检出频次,利用分级、加权法对检出的化合物进行排序,遵循有源、可控的原则,筛选出某流域的优先控制污染物。所提出的方法具有合理性和可操作性。     

Seventy‐One Important Questions for the Conservation of Marine Biodiversity

The ocean provides food, economic activity, and cultural value for a large proportion of humanity. Our knowledge of marine ecosystems lags behind that of terrestrial ecosystems, limiting effective protection of marine resources. We describe the outcome of 2 workshops in 2011 and 2012 to establish a list of important questions, which, if answered, would substantially improve our ability to conserve and manage the world's marine resources. Participants included individuals from academia, government, and nongovernment organizations with broad experience across disciplines, marine ecosystems, and countries that vary in levels of development. Contributors from the fields of science, conservation, industry, and government submitted questions to our workshops, which we distilled into a list of priority research questions. Through this process, we identified 71 key questions. We grouped these into 8 subject categories, each pertaining to a broad component of marine conservation: fisheries, climate change, other anthropogenic threats, ecosystems, marine citizenship, policy, societal and cultural considerations, and scientific enterprise. Our questions address many issues that are specific to marine conservation, and will serve as a road map to funders and researchers to develop programs that can greatly benefit marine conservation. Setenta y Un Preguntas Importantes para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Marina     

新《环境保护法》的亮点、不足与展望

十二届全国人大常委会第八次会议表决通过了修订后的《环境保护法》,是中国环境法治建设的重要成就。新《环境保护法》与原《环境保护法》相比具有诸多亮点,如体现和贯彻了"保护优先"的理念,规定了生态保护红线制度、环境与健康监测调查和风险评估制度,明确了环境公益诉讼原告,规定了按日处罚制度。但也存在一些不足之处,如新《环境保护法》仍属管理法而非权利法、没有触及环境保护监督管理体制、环境保护法律体系缺乏合理协调、立法技术不够完善等。今后《环境保护法》的发展应注重从管理法向权利法转变、强化地方监管和建立区域性监管、协调环境保护法律体系。     

Representation of critical natural capital in China

Traditional means of assessing representativeness of conservation value in protected areas depend on measures of structural biodiversity. The effectiveness of priority conservation areas at representing critical natural capital (CNC) (i.e., an essential and renewable subset of natural capital) remains largely unknown. We analyzed the representativeness of CNC‐conservation priority areas in national nature reserves (i.e., nature reserves under jurisdiction of the central government with large spatial distribution across the provinces) in China with a new biophysical‐based composite indicator approach. With this approach, we integrated the net primary production of vegetation, topography, soil, and climate variables to map and rank terrestrial ecosystems capacities to generate CNC. National nature reserves accounted for 6.7% of CNC‐conservation priority areas across China. Considerable gaps (35.2%) existed between overall (or potential) CNC representativeness nationally and CNC representation in national reserves, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity of representativeness in CNC‐conservation priority areas at the regional and provincial levels. For example, the best and worst representations were, respectively, 13.0% and 1.6% regionally and 28.9% and 0.0% provincially. Policy in China is transitioning toward the goal of an ecologically sustainable civilization. We identified CNC‐conservation priority areas and conservation gaps and thus contribute to the policy goals of optimization of the national nature reserve network and the demarcation of areas critical to improving the representativeness and conservation of highly functioning areas of natural capital. Moreover, our method for assessing representation of CNC can be easily adapted to other large‐scale networks of conservation areas because few data are needed, and our model is relatively simple.     

干酵母生产废水处理方案的改造及应用

干酵母生产废水是一种高浓度有机废水,COD高达13,000mg/L,色度在900倍以上。原方案采用厌氧、硝化(曝气)、反硝化、化学混凝等工艺,但水质不能达到排放标准,且运行成本高。采用EM(有效微生物)技术对原方案进行改造后,废水处理收到较好的效果,并降低了运行成本。     

基于工作过程的高职“教学做一体化”课程探究

“教学做一体化”课程有利于理论教学与实践教学相结合，有利于高职学校长期健康的发展。“教学做一体化”教学模式是基于实际工作过程导向，以工作中典型项目任务引领，激发学生兴趣，以满足培养高等技能型人才的迫切需要。一体化课程的构建应通过项目设立、建立小组、实施、反馈等环节完成。     

高校会计制度与公共财政体制改革衔接性研究

2009年，财政部拟定了新《高等学校会计制励（征求意见稿），要求核算能提供预算管理需要的预算收支信息，增加了与公共财政改革相关的会计核算内容，但高校会计制度（征求意见稿）与公共财政体制依然存在着衔接不当问题。从公共财政体制改革对高校会计的影响出发，解读了高校会计制度（征求意见稿）与财政改革的衔接性，分析了高校会计实务中存在的与公共财政改革不协调的问题，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

供给侧改革驱动资源型城市转型的机制分析

供给侧结构性改革旨在调整经济结构,促进产业优化重组,实现要素资源的最优配置,消除过剩产能,提高有效供给,是经济新常态下维持经济中高速发展的重要手段。目前,我国资源型城市转型不仅面临着传统"城市病"的威胁,还面临着"资源诅咒"的困境,制度保障不足、产业刚性严重、要素创新低下已成为资源型城市转型的重大瓶颈。资源型城市迫切需要提升供给质量,提高全要素生产率,实现供给侧结构性改革以破解城市转型难题。供给侧结构性改革从全面提升供给质量的角度,为资源型城市转型提供新思路。文章首先结合宏观、中观、微观的整体分析思路,从制度供给、产业供给和要素供给三个层面分析了供给侧改革对资源型城市转型的驱动效用,有助于完善制度保障体系、产业结构体系和要素创新体系。其次,界定阐释了供给侧结构性改革驱动资源型城市转型的因子,主要包括:行政制度、经济制度、文化制度、对外开放、社会建设制度等5个制度供给因子;产业结构、产业发展水平、产业发展环境、区域产业差异等4个产业供给因子;人力资源水平、科技创新、资源供给、生态环境、资金供给等5个要素供给因子。最后,以制度改革为保障,要素创新为手段,产业转型为核心,构建了供给侧结构性改革驱动资源型城市转型的综合机制,调控不同生命周期下不同层面影响因子的协同主导作用,实现制度、产业、要素三方供给要素的良性互动,促进资源型城市经济、社会、城市三位一体的转型,为顺利实现资源型城市转型提供理论参考。